Divided US Fed backs second quarter-point rate cut of 2025
WASHINGTON
The U.S. Federal Reserve on Wednesday announced its second consecutive quarter-point rate cut to bolster the flagging labor market, unveiling a decision that highlighted the growing division in its ranks.
Policymakers voted 10-2 in favor of lowering the bank's key lending rate to between 3.75 percent and 4.00 percent, the Fed said in a statement.
Opposed to the action were Fed governor Stephen Miran, who backed a bigger half-point cut, and Kansas City Fed president Jeff Schmid, who "preferred no change to the target range for the federal funds rate at this meeting," the Fed said.
The decision to cut rates boosts the U.S. economy at a time businesses are still digesting the effects of President Donald Trump's sweeping tariffs, and buys policymakers some more time as they wait for the end of the government shutdown.
Republicans and Democrats remain politically gridlocked almost a month after the start of the shutdown, which has resulted in a suspension of publication of almost all official data.
Fed officials have in recent months flagged concerns that the labor market is cooling, causing them to shift their attention to bolstering hiring, even though inflation remains above the Fed's target.
Fed to end QT
The Fed also announced Wednesday that it would soon end its policy of shrinking the size of its balance sheet, in a move that was also widely expected.
"The Committee decided to conclude the reduction of its aggregate securities holdings on December 1," the Fed said in a statement confirming its decision.
The Fed's balance sheet ballooned in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, and has been gradually reduced in recent years.
"I think they're very cautious about stresses in the financial markets," former Cleveland Fed President Loretta Mester told AFP ahead of the rate announcement, referring to the anticipated end of the Fed's quantitative tightening policy.
"They could probably get the balance sheet down a little bit further," she added. "But I don't think there's much appetite for that."
December less clear-cut
Quarter percentage-point cuts in both October and December were largely baked into the financial markets before the meeting, mirroring the median expectation laid out by Fed policymakers in their most recent economic forecasts, published last month.
But many analysts expect Fed chair Jerome Powell will tell reporters during the bank's post-decision press conference on Wednesday that the rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is keeping an open mind about the following meeting.
"I don't think it's a given that there will be a majority of FOMC voters that will favor easing in December," EY chief economist Gregory Daco told AFP ahead of the Fed rate decision.
Powell "has not made up his mind yet, for one, as to whether a December rate cut will be necessary," added Daco, who nevertheless expects the Fed to make two quarter-point rate cuts this year.
Also simmering in the background are Trump's attempts to exert greater control over the management of the Federal Reserve, and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent's widely-publicized plans to find a replacement for Powell, whose term as Fed chair ends in May.
But that is unlikely to feature in the actual discussions this week, with policymakers most likely remaining squarely focused on interest rate policy, according to Mester, a former voting member of the FOMC.
"They're really basing it on their best assessment... of where the economy is, where it's likely [to] go, and how they can set monetary policy to achieve maximum employment and price stability," she said.
